WALNUT CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER

Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women

Diabetes is estimated to affect 25.6 million American adults (1) and 366 million people worldwide (2), and the numbers will continue to increase to ~552 million by 2030 globally (2). Type 2 diabetes makes up >90% of all diabetes cases. Therefore, primary prevention of type 2 diabetes through diet and lifestyle modifications is of paramount public health importance. Recent evidence suggests that the type of fat rather than total fat intake plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes (3,4). Studies have shown that a higher intake of MUFAs and PUFAs and a lower intake of saturated fat and trans fat is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (4). 

The baseline characteristics according to the frequency of walnut consumption in the 2 cohorts are shown in Table 1. Women with more frehttps://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8548897913438648626#editor/target=post;postID=6399991611943168579quent walnut consumption were older and tended to weigh less, exercise more, and smoke less than women with infrequent consumption. Women who ate more walnuts also consumed more fish, whole grains, fruit and vegetables, and total energy. Consumption of walnuts was positively correlated with intakes of peanuts (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.30) and other tree nuts (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.40). We documented a total of 5930 incident type 2 diabetes cases (3166 in the NHS and 2764 cases in the NHS II) during 10 y of follow-up. As shown in Table 2, walnut consumption was inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. In the multivariable-adjusted model without BMI, the pooled HRs (95% CIs) for participants consuming 1–3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, and $2 servings/wk of walnuts were 0.93 (0.88–0.99), 0.81 (0.70–0.94), and 0.67 (0.54–0.82), respectively, compared with women who never/rarely consumeds walnuts (P-trend < 0.001).

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